Water Preps

Prepping for the Unexpected: A Comprehensive Guide to Water Preparedness (S1)

Water is essential for survival. In a world-changing scenario, access to clean drinking water can become scarce. This guide outlines various methods for water pre-planning, collection, storage, and purification (S1.P1).

Water Storage (S2)

S2.P1: Selecting Containers:

• Pre-Disaster: Purchase food-grade plastic containers (BPA-free) in various sizes. Consider sturdy jerrycans for larger quantities. Opt for opaque containers to minimize light exposure that can promote algae growth (S2.P1.a).

• Post-Disaster: Improvised containers like cleaned glass bottles, metal canteens, and even undamaged metal cookware can be used for short-term storage (S2.P1.b).

S2.P2: Sanitation and Storage Practices:

• Pre-Disaster: Wash all new containers thoroughly with warm soapy water and a sanitizing solution (e.g., diluted bleach) before filling (S2.P2.a).

• Post-Disaster: Prioritize boiling water for at least 1 minute for immediate consumption. Once the threat of contamination subsides, repeat sanitation procedures for reusable containers (S2.P2.b).

• Both: Label all containers with the date of filling and contents clearly. Store them in a cool, dark location to minimize bacterial growth (S2.P2.c).

Water Collection (S3)

S3.P1: Rainwater Harvesting:

• Pre-Disaster: Install a rain barrel collection system with a diverter to capture rainwater from your roof (S3.P1.a).

• Post-Disaster: Improvise collection methods using tarps, trash bags, or any large, clean sheet stretched over a frame to collect rainwater (S3.P1.b).

S3.P2: Surface Water Collection:

• Pre-Disaster: Identify potential sources of surface water like streams or springs near your location. Research local water quality reports to assess potential contamination risks (S3.P2.a).

• Post-Disaster: Exercise extreme caution when collecting surface water. Avoid stagnant water sources and prioritize flowing water (S3.P2.b).

Water Purification Methods (S4)

S4.P1: Boiling

• Pre-Disaster or Post-Disaster: Boiling is the simplest and most effective method for eliminating most pathogens. Bring water to a rolling boil for at least 1 minute at altitudes below 6,562 feet (2,000 meters). Increase boiling time to 3 minutes at higher elevations (S4.P1.a, S4.P1.b).

• Limitations: Boiling can alter the taste of water and doesn't remove chemicals or heavy metals (S4.P1.c).

S4.P2: Filtration

• Pre-Disaster: Purchase commercial water filters designed for camping or backpacking. Consider options like ceramic filters or pump filters for long-term use (S4.P2.a).

• Post-Disaster: Improvised filters can be created using layers of clean cloth, sand, and gravel. However, these methods require frequent cleaning and offer limited effectiveness against some contaminants (S4.P2.b).

S4.P3: Chemical Disinfection

• Pre-Disaster: Purchase water purification tablets containing chlorine dioxide or iodine. Follow dosage instructions carefully, as improper use can be harmful (S4.P3.a).

• Post-Disaster: Chemical disinfection tablets can be a viable option. However, they may not be effective against all pathogens and can alter the taste of water (S4.P3.b).

S4.P4: Solar Disinfection

• Pre-Disaster: Invest in a commercially available solar water disinfection (SODIS) bag or bottle (S4.P4.a).

• Post-Disaster: If available, transparent plastic bottles filled with clear water can be disinfected using sunlight over an extended period (typically 6-8 hours under direct sunlight) (S4.P4.b).

Important Note: Regardless of the chosen method, it's crucial to test a small amount of treated water before consuming larger quantities, especially for children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals (S4.P5).

Water Purification During Collection and Storage (S5)

S5.P1: Pre-Filtering for Storage:

• Pre-Disaster or Post-Disaster: If collecting surface water with significant debris, consider pre-filtering it through a clean cloth or coffee filter before applying your chosen purification method (S5.P1.a, S5.P1.b).